Research Article A new Informatics Framework for Evaluating the Codon Usage Metrics, Evolutionary Models and Phylogeographic reconstruction of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in different regions of Asian countries

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a major devastating viral disease, majorly affecting the tomato production globally. The disease is majorly transmitted by the Whitefly. The Begomovirus (TYLCV) having a six major protein coding genes, among them the C1/AC1 is evidently associated with viral replication. Owing to immense role of C1/AC1 gene, the present study is an initial effort to elucidate the factors shaping the codon usage bias and evolutionary pattern of TYLCV-C1/AC1 gene in five major Asian countries. Based on publically available nucleotide sequence data the Codon usage pattern, Evolutionary and Phylogeographic reconstruction was carried out. The study revealed the presence of significant variation between the codon bias indices in all the selected regions. Implying that the codon usage pattern indices (eNC, CAI, RCDI, GRAVY, Aromo) are seriously affected by selection and mutational pressure, taking a supremacy in shaping the codon usage bias of viral gene. Further, the tMRCA age was 1853, 1939, 1855, 1944, 1828 for China, India, Iran, Oman and South Korea, respectively for TYLCV-C1/AC1 gene. The integrated analysis of Codon usage bias, Evolutionary rate and Phylogeography analysis in viruses signifies the positive role of selection and mutational pressure among the selected regions for TYLCV (C1/AC1) gene

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Not AvailableRibosomal DNA sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) and 28S ribosomal DNA (618 bp) of Fasciola gigantica collected from cattle and buffaloes from four different geographical locations of India, were characterized for genotyping. ITS-2 sequence was analyzed in 28 worms that was typical of F. gigantica and differed at six positions, with one of these being a distinguishing deletion (T) at the 327th position in F. gigantica relative to F. hepatica. However, Fasciola specimens also showed intraspecies sequence polymorphism in the ITS-2, with two different ITS-2 sequences existing in the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) array within a single Fasciola worm. One of the sequences was identical to that of F. gigantica and the other showed extensive sequence polymorphism in the ITS-2. Using BspH1- restriction fragment length polymorphism, six variable ITS-2 sequences in F. gigantica were identified within these parasite specimens and were found distributed in these four geographical regions. 28S rDNA sequence of 24 flukes, collected from the above four geographical regions, showed a single nucleotide polymorphism at 284th nucleotide (G/A). Analyzing the sequence data of 28S rDNA of F. gigantica available from some African and Asian countries for this polymorphic 284th nucleotide position, it is proposed that there are two basic lineages of the F. gigantica for 28S rDNA existing in the fluke populations from five African and several Asian countries.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableToxocarosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by the ascarid Toxocara canis. Serodiagnosis of toxocarosis is carried out using Toxocara excretory-secretory and recombinant antigens. In the present study T. canis arginine kinase gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned in a prokaryotic expression vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was used in IgG-ELISA for detection of T. canis infection in the adult dogs. Further evaluation of this recombinant antigen in the diagnosis of T. canis infection in dogs is under way.Not Availabl